Subject Scaling Tables
See how each subject's raw scores are adjusted through scaling. Subjects with stronger cohorts scale up; subjects with weaker cohorts scale down. These are approximate values based on publicly available scaling reports.
Nobody knows the real scaling ahead of time
The values below are approximate estimates based on published scaling trends through 2025. They are NOT a prediction of next year's scaling.
Actual scaling is calculated by each state's Tertiary Admissions Centre (VTAC, UAC, QTAC, TISC, SATAC) after the exams are marked, based on how that specific cohort performed. It changes every year. A 2029 scaling report, for example, won't be published until early 2030.
What is reliable: the direction each subject scales (Specialist Maths always scales up, Further Maths always scales down) has been stable for 10+ years. Use this table to understand scaling patterns — not to predict exact percentages.
How to read this table
HSC Subjects — New South Wales
(40 subjects)| Subject | Category | Raw (mid) | Scaled (mid) | Raw (max) | Scaled (max) | Scaling | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mathematics Extension 2 | mathematics | 25 | 28.57 | 50 | 53 | Scales up | +14.3% |
| Chinese | languages | 25 | 28 | 50 | 52 | Scales up | +12% |
| Mathematics Extension 1 | mathematics | 25 | 27.57 | 50 | 52 | Scales up | +10.3% |
| Physics | science | 25 | 27 | 50 | 52 | Scales up | +8% |
| English Extension 2 | english | 25 | 26.57 | 50 | 52 | Scales up | +6.3% |
| Chemistry | science | 25 | 26.57 | 50 | 52 | Scales up | +6.3% |
| Korean | languages | 25 | 26.57 | 50 | 51 | Scales up | +6.3% |
| English Extension 1 | english | 25 | 26 | 50 | 52 | Scales up | +4% |
| Mathematics Advanced | mathematics | 25 | 26 | 50 | 51 | Scales up | +4% |
| French | languages | 25 | 26 | 50 | 51 | Scales up | +4% |
| Economics | humanities | 25 | 25.57 | 50 | 50 | Scales up | +2.3% |
| Italian | languages | 25 | 25.57 | 50 | 50 | Scales up | +2.3% |
| English Advanced | english | 25 | 25 | 50 | 50 | Neutral | +0% |
| Modern History | humanities | 25 | 25 | 50 | 49 | Neutral | +0% |
| Music 2 | arts | 25 | 25 | 50 | 50 | Neutral | +0% |
| Biology | science | 25 | 24 | 50 | 48 | Scales down | -4% |
| Ancient History | humanities | 25 | 24 | 50 | 48 | Scales down | -4% |
| Geography | humanities | 25 | 24 | 50 | 48 | Scales down | -4% |
| Legal Studies | humanities | 25 | 24 | 50 | 49 | Scales down | -4% |
| Studies of Religion II | humanities | 25 | 24 | 50 | 48 | Scales down | -4% |
| Music 1 | arts | 25 | 24 | 50 | 48 | Scales down | -4% |
| Software Design and Development | technology | 25 | 24 | 50 | 48 | Scales down | -4% |
| Engineering Studies | technology | 25 | 24 | 50 | 49 | Scales down | -4% |
| Japanese Beginners | languages | 25 | 24 | 50 | 49 | Scales down | -4% |
| Studies of Religion I | humanities | 25 | 23 | 50 | 47 | Scales down | -8% |
| Society and Culture | humanities | 25 | 23 | 50 | 47 | Scales down | -8% |
| Business Studies | business | 25 | 22 | 50 | 46 | Scales down | -12% |
| Visual Arts | arts | 25 | 22 | 50 | 46 | Scales down | -12% |
| Drama | arts | 25 | 22 | 50 | 46 | Scales down | -12% |
| Information Processes and Technology | technology | 25 | 22 | 50 | 46 | Scales down | -12% |
| EAL/D | english | 25 | 21.43 | 50 | 44 | Scales down | -14.3% |
| Earth and Environmental Science | science | 25 | 21.43 | 50 | 44 | Scales down | -14.3% |
| Design and Technology | technology | 25 | 21 | 50 | 44 | Scales down | -16% |
| English Standard | english | 25 | 20.43 | 50 | 42 | Scales down | -18.3% |
| Investigating Science | science | 25 | 20.43 | 50 | 43 | Scales down | -18.3% |
| Mathematics Standard 2 | mathematics | 25 | 19.43 | 50 | 41 | Scales down | -22.3% |
| Food Technology | technology | 25 | 19.43 | 50 | 42 | Scales down | -22.3% |
| PDHPE | health | 25 | 19.43 | 50 | 42 | Scales down | -22.3% |
| Community and Family Studies | health | 25 | 18.43 | 50 | 40 | Scales down | -26.3% |
| English Studies | english | 25 | 16.86 | 50 | 38 | Scales down | -32.6% |
Scaling values are approximate, based on publicly available scaling reports. "Mid" shows scaling at the midpoint raw score (25). "Max" shows the highest possible scaled score at raw 50. Actual scaling varies by year and cohort.
NTCET Subjects — Northern Territory
(26 subjects)| Subject | Category | Raw (mid) | Scaled (mid) | Raw (max) | Scaled (max) | Scaling | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mathematical Methods | mathematics | 10 | 11 | 20 | 22 | Scales up | +10% |
| Specialist Mathematics | mathematics | 10 | 11 | 20 | 22 | Scales up | +10% |
| Physics | science | 10 | 11 | 20 | 21 | Scales up | +10% |
| Chemistry | science | 10 | 10.33 | 20 | 21 | Scales up | +3.3% |
| Japanese | languages | 10 | 10.33 | 20 | 21 | Scales up | +3.3% |
| English | english | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| English Literary Studies | english | 10 | 10 | 20 | 21 | Neutral | +0% |
| Modern History | humanities | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| Economics | humanities | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| Accounting | business | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| Music | arts | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| Digital Technologies | technology | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| Indonesian | languages | 10 | 10 | 20 | 21 | Neutral | +0% |
| Biology | science | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| Psychology | science | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| Geography | humanities | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| Legal Studies | humanities | 10 | 9 | 20 | 20 | Scales down | -10% |
| Society and Culture | humanities | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| English as an Additional Language | english | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| Business Innovation | business | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| Visual Arts | arts | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| Drama | arts | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| Design Technology | technology | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| General Mathematics | mathematics | 10 | 7.67 | 20 | 16 | Scales down | -23.3% |
| Health and Wellbeing | health | 10 | 7 | 20 | 16 | Scales down | -30% |
| Physical Education | health | 10 | 7 | 20 | 16 | Scales down | -30% |
Scaling values are approximate, based on publicly available scaling reports. "Mid" shows scaling at the midpoint raw score (10). "Max" shows the highest possible scaled score at raw 20. Actual scaling varies by year and cohort.
QCE Subjects — Queensland
(35 subjects)| Subject | Category | Raw (mid) | Scaled (mid) | Raw (max) | Scaled (max) | Scaling | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specialist Mathematics | mathematics | 50 | 55.57 | 100 | 110 | Scales up | +11.1% |
| Chinese | languages | 50 | 54.57 | 100 | 107 | Scales up | +9.1% |
| Mathematical Methods | mathematics | 50 | 53.57 | 100 | 107 | Scales up | +7.1% |
| Physics | science | 50 | 53 | 100 | 106 | Scales up | +6% |
| Chemistry | science | 50 | 52.57 | 100 | 105 | Scales up | +5.1% |
| Japanese | languages | 50 | 52.57 | 100 | 104 | Scales up | +5.1% |
| French | languages | 50 | 52.57 | 100 | 104 | Scales up | +5.1% |
| English and Literature Extension | english | 50 | 52 | 100 | 103 | Scales up | +4% |
| Economics | humanities | 50 | 51.57 | 100 | 102 | Scales up | +3.1% |
| Literature | english | 50 | 51 | 100 | 102 | Neutral | +2% |
| Digital Solutions | technology | 50 | 50.57 | 100 | 101 | Neutral | +1.1% |
| English | english | 50 | 50 | 100 | 100 | Neutral | +0% |
| Modern History | humanities | 50 | 50 | 100 | 99 | Neutral | +0% |
| Accounting | business | 50 | 50 | 100 | 101 | Neutral | +0% |
| Music | arts | 50 | 50 | 100 | 100 | Neutral | +0% |
| Engineering | technology | 50 | 50 | 100 | 101 | Neutral | +0% |
| Ancient History | humanities | 50 | 49 | 100 | 98 | Neutral | -2% |
| Geography | humanities | 50 | 49 | 100 | 97 | Neutral | -2% |
| Legal Studies | humanities | 50 | 49 | 100 | 98 | Neutral | -2% |
| Psychology | science | 50 | 48 | 100 | 96 | Scales down | -4% |
| Biology | science | 50 | 47.43 | 100 | 96 | Scales down | -5.1% |
| Earth and Environmental Science | science | 50 | 45.43 | 100 | 92 | Scales down | -9.1% |
| Business | business | 50 | 45.43 | 100 | 91 | Scales down | -9.1% |
| Visual Art | arts | 50 | 45.43 | 100 | 92 | Scales down | -9.1% |
| Drama | arts | 50 | 45.43 | 100 | 92 | Scales down | -9.1% |
| Design | technology | 50 | 45.43 | 100 | 92 | Scales down | -9.1% |
| Dance | arts | 50 | 44.43 | 100 | 90 | Scales down | -11.1% |
| EAL | english | 50 | 43.43 | 100 | 88 | Scales down | -13.1% |
| Film Television and New Media | arts | 50 | 43.43 | 100 | 89 | Scales down | -13.1% |
| Food and Nutrition | technology | 50 | 40.86 | 100 | 83 | Scales down | -18.3% |
| Health | health | 50 | 39.86 | 100 | 82 | Scales down | -20.3% |
| General Mathematics | mathematics | 50 | 39.29 | 100 | 80 | Scales down | -21.4% |
| Physical Education | health | 50 | 39.29 | 100 | 81 | Scales down | -21.4% |
| Essential English | english | 50 | 38.29 | 100 | 78 | Scales down | -23.4% |
| Essential Mathematics | mathematics | 50 | 33.71 | 100 | 70 | Scales down | -32.6% |
Scaling values are approximate, based on publicly available scaling reports. "Mid" shows scaling at the midpoint raw score (50). "Max" shows the highest possible scaled score at raw 100. Actual scaling varies by year and cohort.
SACE Subjects — South Australia
(37 subjects)| Subject | Category | Raw (mid) | Scaled (mid) | Raw (max) | Scaled (max) | Scaling | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mathematical Methods | mathematics | 10 | 11 | 20 | 22 | Scales up | +10% |
| Specialist Mathematics | mathematics | 10 | 11 | 20 | 22 | Scales up | +10% |
| Physics | science | 10 | 11 | 20 | 21 | Scales up | +10% |
| Chinese | languages | 10 | 11 | 20 | 22 | Scales up | +10% |
| Chemistry | science | 10 | 10.33 | 20 | 21 | Scales up | +3.3% |
| Japanese | languages | 10 | 10.33 | 20 | 21 | Scales up | +3.3% |
| French | languages | 10 | 10.33 | 20 | 21 | Scales up | +3.3% |
| English | english | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| English Literary Studies | english | 10 | 10 | 20 | 21 | Neutral | +0% |
| Modern History | humanities | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| Economics | humanities | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| Accounting | business | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| Music | arts | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| Digital Technologies | technology | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| Indonesian | languages | 10 | 10 | 20 | 21 | Neutral | +0% |
| Italian | languages | 10 | 10 | 20 | 21 | Neutral | +0% |
| Biology | science | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| Psychology | science | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| Ancient Studies | humanities | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| Geography | humanities | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| Legal Studies | humanities | 10 | 9 | 20 | 20 | Scales down | -10% |
| Society and Culture | humanities | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| English as an Additional Language | english | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| Nutrition | science | 10 | 8 | 20 | 17 | Scales down | -20% |
| Business Innovation | business | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| Visual Arts | arts | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| Drama | arts | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| Creative Arts | arts | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| Media Arts | arts | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| Design Technology | technology | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| General Mathematics | mathematics | 10 | 7.67 | 20 | 16 | Scales down | -23.3% |
| Food and Hospitality | technology | 10 | 7.67 | 20 | 17 | Scales down | -23.3% |
| Outdoor Education | health | 10 | 7.67 | 20 | 17 | Scales down | -23.3% |
| Health and Wellbeing | health | 10 | 7 | 20 | 16 | Scales down | -30% |
| Physical Education | health | 10 | 7 | 20 | 16 | Scales down | -30% |
| Essential English | english | 10 | 6.67 | 20 | 16 | Scales down | -33.3% |
| Essential Mathematics | mathematics | 10 | 5.67 | 20 | 14 | Scales down | -43.3% |
Scaling values are approximate, based on publicly available scaling reports. "Mid" shows scaling at the midpoint raw score (10). "Max" shows the highest possible scaled score at raw 20. Actual scaling varies by year and cohort.
TCE Subjects — Tasmania
(23 subjects)| Subject | Category | Raw (mid) | Scaled (mid) | Raw (max) | Scaled (max) | Scaling | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mathematics Methods | mathematics | 10 | 11 | 20 | 22 | Scales up | +10% |
| Mathematics Specialised | mathematics | 10 | 11 | 20 | 22 | Scales up | +10% |
| Physics | science | 10 | 11 | 20 | 21 | Scales up | +10% |
| Chemistry | science | 10 | 10.33 | 20 | 21 | Scales up | +3.3% |
| English | english | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| Literature | english | 10 | 10 | 20 | 21 | Neutral | +0% |
| Modern History | humanities | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| Economics | humanities | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| Music | arts | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | Neutral | +0% |
| English Writing | english | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| Biology | science | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| Psychology | science | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| Ancient History | humanities | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| Geography | humanities | 10 | 9 | 20 | 19 | Scales down | -10% |
| Legal Studies | humanities | 10 | 9 | 20 | 20 | Scales down | -10% |
| English as an Additional Language | english | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| Environmental Science | science | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| Art Studio Practice | arts | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| Drama | arts | 10 | 8 | 20 | 18 | Scales down | -20% |
| General Mathematics | mathematics | 10 | 7.67 | 20 | 16 | Scales down | -23.3% |
| Outdoor Education | health | 10 | 7.67 | 20 | 17 | Scales down | -23.3% |
| Health Studies | health | 10 | 7 | 20 | 16 | Scales down | -30% |
| Physical Education | health | 10 | 7 | 20 | 16 | Scales down | -30% |
Scaling values are approximate, based on publicly available scaling reports. "Mid" shows scaling at the midpoint raw score (10). "Max" shows the highest possible scaled score at raw 20. Actual scaling varies by year and cohort.
VCE Subjects — Victoria
(42 subjects)| Subject | Category | Raw (mid) | Scaled (mid) | Raw (max) | Scaled (max) | Scaling | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specialist Mathematics | mathematics | 25 | 30 | 50 | 55 | Scales up | +20% |
| Chinese (First Language) | languages | 25 | 29 | 50 | 55 | Scales up | +16% |
| Mathematical Methods | mathematics | 25 | 28 | 50 | 55 | Scales up | +12% |
| Chemistry | science | 25 | 28 | 50 | 54 | Scales up | +12% |
| Physics | science | 25 | 27 | 50 | 54 | Scales up | +8% |
| Economics | humanities | 25 | 26 | 50 | 53 | Scales up | +4% |
| Japanese | languages | 25 | 26 | 50 | 53 | Scales up | +4% |
| French | languages | 25 | 26 | 50 | 53 | Scales up | +4% |
| German | languages | 25 | 26 | 50 | 53 | Scales up | +4% |
| English Language | english | 25 | 25 | 50 | 51 | Neutral | +0% |
| Literature | english | 25 | 25 | 50 | 51 | Neutral | +0% |
| Philosophy | humanities | 25 | 25 | 50 | 52 | Neutral | +0% |
| English | english | 25 | 24 | 50 | 50 | Scales down | -4% |
| History (Revolutions) | humanities | 25 | 24 | 50 | 51 | Scales down | -4% |
| Politics | humanities | 25 | 24 | 50 | 50 | Scales down | -4% |
| Accounting | business | 25 | 24 | 50 | 51 | Scales down | -4% |
| Music Performance | arts | 25 | 24 | 50 | 50 | Scales down | -4% |
| Computing | technology | 25 | 24 | 50 | 51 | Scales down | -4% |
| Software Development | technology | 25 | 24 | 50 | 52 | Scales down | -4% |
| Chinese (Second Language) | languages | 25 | 24 | 50 | 51 | Scales down | -4% |
| Indonesian | languages | 25 | 24 | 50 | 51 | Scales down | -4% |
| Italian | languages | 25 | 24 | 50 | 51 | Scales down | -4% |
| Biology | science | 25 | 23 | 50 | 49 | Scales down | -8% |
| Psychology | science | 25 | 23 | 50 | 49 | Scales down | -8% |
| Australian History | humanities | 25 | 23 | 50 | 48 | Scales down | -8% |
| Geography | humanities | 25 | 23 | 50 | 49 | Scales down | -8% |
| Legal Studies | humanities | 25 | 23 | 50 | 50 | Scales down | -8% |
| EAL (English as an Additional Language) | english | 25 | 22 | 50 | 48 | Scales down | -12% |
| Sociology | humanities | 25 | 22 | 50 | 47 | Scales down | -12% |
| Media | arts | 25 | 22 | 50 | 47 | Scales down | -12% |
| Drama | arts | 25 | 22 | 50 | 48 | Scales down | -12% |
| Theatre Studies | arts | 25 | 22 | 50 | 48 | Scales down | -12% |
| Systems Engineering | technology | 25 | 22 | 50 | 47 | Scales down | -12% |
| Environmental Science | science | 25 | 21 | 50 | 46 | Scales down | -16% |
| Business Management | business | 25 | 21 | 50 | 46 | Scales down | -16% |
| Outdoor and Environmental Studies | health | 25 | 20 | 50 | 45 | Scales down | -20% |
| Visual Communication Design | arts | 25 | 19 | 50 | 44 | Scales down | -24% |
| Studio Arts | arts | 25 | 19 | 50 | 44 | Scales down | -24% |
| Health and Human Development | health | 25 | 19 | 50 | 44 | Scales down | -24% |
| Physical Education | health | 25 | 19 | 50 | 44 | Scales down | -24% |
| Further Mathematics | mathematics | 25 | 18 | 50 | 43 | Scales down | -28% |
| Food Studies | technology | 25 | 18 | 50 | 43 | Scales down | -28% |
Scaling values are approximate, based on publicly available scaling reports. "Mid" shows scaling at the midpoint raw score (25). "Max" shows the highest possible scaled score at raw 50. Actual scaling varies by year and cohort.
WACE Subjects — Western Australia
(29 subjects)| Subject | Category | Raw (mid) | Scaled (mid) | Raw (max) | Scaled (max) | Scaling | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mathematics Specialist ATAR | mathematics | 50 | 55.57 | 100 | 110 | Scales up | +11.1% |
| Mathematics Methods ATAR | mathematics | 50 | 53.57 | 100 | 107 | Scales up | +7.1% |
| Chinese Second Language ATAR | languages | 50 | 53.57 | 100 | 106 | Scales up | +7.1% |
| Physics ATAR | science | 50 | 53 | 100 | 106 | Scales up | +6% |
| Chemistry ATAR | science | 50 | 52.57 | 100 | 105 | Scales up | +5.1% |
| Japanese Second Language ATAR | languages | 50 | 52.57 | 100 | 104 | Scales up | +5.1% |
| French ATAR | languages | 50 | 52.57 | 100 | 104 | Scales up | +5.1% |
| Economics ATAR | humanities | 50 | 51.57 | 100 | 102 | Scales up | +3.1% |
| Italian ATAR | languages | 50 | 51.57 | 100 | 102 | Scales up | +3.1% |
| Literature ATAR | english | 50 | 51 | 100 | 102 | Neutral | +2% |
| Computer Science ATAR | technology | 50 | 51 | 100 | 102 | Neutral | +2% |
| Accounting and Finance ATAR | business | 50 | 50.57 | 100 | 101 | Neutral | +1.1% |
| Engineering Studies ATAR | technology | 50 | 50.57 | 100 | 101 | Neutral | +1.1% |
| English ATAR | english | 50 | 50 | 100 | 100 | Neutral | +0% |
| Modern History ATAR | humanities | 50 | 50 | 100 | 100 | Neutral | +0% |
| Politics and Law ATAR | humanities | 50 | 50 | 100 | 100 | Neutral | +0% |
| Music ATAR | arts | 50 | 50 | 100 | 100 | Neutral | +0% |
| Human Biology ATAR | science | 50 | 49 | 100 | 97 | Neutral | -2% |
| Geography ATAR | humanities | 50 | 49 | 100 | 97 | Neutral | -2% |
| Biology ATAR | science | 50 | 48 | 100 | 96 | Scales down | -4% |
| Psychology ATAR | science | 50 | 48 | 100 | 96 | Scales down | -4% |
| Visual Arts ATAR | arts | 50 | 45.43 | 100 | 92 | Scales down | -9.1% |
| Drama ATAR | arts | 50 | 45.43 | 100 | 92 | Scales down | -9.1% |
| Design ATAR | technology | 50 | 45.43 | 100 | 92 | Scales down | -9.1% |
| English as an Additional Language/Dialect ATAR | english | 50 | 43.43 | 100 | 88 | Scales down | -13.1% |
| Food Science and Technology ATAR | technology | 50 | 40.86 | 100 | 83 | Scales down | -18.3% |
| Health Studies ATAR | health | 50 | 39.86 | 100 | 82 | Scales down | -20.3% |
| Mathematics Applications ATAR | mathematics | 50 | 39.29 | 100 | 80 | Scales down | -21.4% |
| Physical Education Studies ATAR | health | 50 | 39.29 | 100 | 81 | Scales down | -21.4% |
Scaling values are approximate, based on publicly available scaling reports. "Mid" shows scaling at the midpoint raw score (50). "Max" shows the highest possible scaled score at raw 100. Actual scaling varies by year and cohort.
The most important thing about scaling
A high raw score in a "low-scaling" subject will always contribute more to your ATAR than a mediocre score in a "high-scaling" subject. For example, in VCE a raw 42 in Health and Human Development (low scaling) contributes more than a raw 30 in Specialist Mathematics (high scaling). Choose subjects you can excel in — don't chase scaling at the expense of your performance.